Molecular Imaging of Biological Samples on Nanophotonic Laser Desorption Ionization Platforms

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a comprehensive tool for the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules. The mainstream method for molecular MSI is matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization, however, the presence of a matrix results in spectral interferences and the suppression of some analyte ions. Herein we demonstrate a new matrix‐free MSI technique using nanophotonic ionization based on laser desorption ionization (LDI) from a highly uniform silicon nanopost array (NAPA). In mouse brain and kidney tissue sections, the distributions of over 80 putatively annotated molecular species are determined with 40 μm spatial resolution. Furthermore, NAPA‐LDI‐MS is used to selectively analyze metabolites and lipids from sparsely distributed algal cells and the lamellipodia of human hepatocytes. Our results open the door for matrix‐free MSI of tissue sections and small cell populations by nanophotonic ionization.     

Saharan dust electrification perceived by a triangle of atmospheric electricity stations in Southern Portugal

Atmospheric Electric Potential Gradient (PG) measurements were carried out in three sites forming a triangular array in Southern Portugal. The campaign was performed during the summer, characterized by Saharan dust outbreaks; 16th–17th July 2014 dust event is considered. Short time-scale oscillations of the PG at two of the stations and a mid time-scale suppression of the PG in the three stations are found. Results are interpreted as evidencing long-range dust electrification; attributed to the air-Earth electrical current creating a bipolar charge distribution inside of the dust layer. The relevance of using arrays of sensors, instead of single sited, is highlighted.     

Chemically Modified Electrodes for Recessed Microelectrode Array

Chemical modifications on recessed microelectrode array, achieved via electrodeposition techniques are reported here. Silicon-based gold microelectrode arrays of 10 μm microband and microdisc array were selected and functionalised using sol-gel and nanoporous gold (NPG) respectively. For electrochemically assisted self-assembly (EASA) formati6154on of sol-gel, electrode surface was first pre-treated with a self-assembled partial monolayer of mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) before transferring it into the sol containing cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)/tetraethoxysilane (TEOS):MPTMS (90:10) precursors. A cathodic potential is then applied. It was found that larger current densities were required in ensuring successful film deposition when moving from macro- to micro- dimensions. For NPG modification, a chemical etching process called dealloying was employed. NPG of three different thicknesses have been successfully deposited. All the modified and functionalized microelectrode arrays were characterized by both optical (SEM) and electrochemical analysis (cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy). An increase in surface area and roughness has been observed and such will benefit for future sensing application.     

新疆实验次声台阵设计

次声测量与数据是次声各项研究的基础,而次声台阵是现代次声测量的主要形式,为此设计并建立了两个无人值守式实验次声四元台阵。描述了次声台阵的结构,对台站的仪器构成进行了说明,重点对其降噪管和通信系统进行了描述。降噪管为十字玫瑰花瓣型降噪管,给出了其降风噪性能。台站通信系统基于VPN进行架构,实现了数据的实时自动传输和FTP传输功能。实测结果表明实验台阵的噪声主要是由微气压、山背波和台阵附近的随机干扰噪声构成。台阵记录到了大量当量较小的区域地表采矿、采石微差爆破次声信号,也记录到了2013年2月15日俄罗斯陨石大爆炸事件相关的清晰的次声信号。分析结果表明,该次声台阵具有良好的性能,具有一定的推广价值。     

基于动态载波AM算法参量阵的DSP设计与实现

为了解决普通AM参量阵产生的解调信号质量差、效率低等问题,设计了一个动态载波AM算法。以此算法为基础设计了一个DSP处理平台,并在此平台上实现了参量阵系统。经过系统硬件和软件两方面的优化设计,保证了算法运行的实时性和稳定性。最后,使用500Hz、800Hz和1100Hz的合成波作为测试信号,测试了系统输出的波形和参量阵前方5米处的频谱。对比测得的波形和理论波形,验证了此系统能够可靠地运行。对比普通AM和动态载波AM参量阵输出信号的频谱图,验证了动态载波AM参量阵能输出更好信噪比和能量更高的解调信号。     

液相芯片技术同时检测莱克多巴胺、盐酸克伦特罗和沙丁胺醇

建立了一种同时检测兽药莱克多巴胺(RAC)、克伦特罗(CL)、沙丁胺醇(SAL)的多残留的新方法.采用液相悬浮芯片技术,基于间接竞争法的原理,将3种兽药抗原分别偶联到不同的荧光微球上作为探针,以藻红蛋白(PE)荧光标记二抗为信号,通过优化实验条件,分别建立3种兽药的标准曲线.基于特异性识别实验,建立3种兽药同时检测的标准曲线.结果表明,同时检测的3条曲线均呈现良好的线性相关,线性相关系数(R2)均大于0.99,RAC,CL和SAL的检测范围分别为1～ 500 μg/L,0.1～500μg/L,1～100μg/L,检出限分别为0.68,0.095和0.88 μg/L.与其它结构类似物的交叉反应率均低于1.5％,实际样品中的加标回收率令人满意.     

圆环形聚焦声场的构建与调控

提出了一种由径向振动模式的圆环形压电换能器晶片组成的圆柱形阵列换能器结构, 依据阵元激励信号的相位调控机理, 推导了圆环形聚焦声场的调控公式, 在三维空间中构建了圆环形聚焦声场, 实现了对其聚焦区域大小、聚焦圆环半径以及轴向位置移动的调控. 理论分析和仿真研究表明, 所提出的圆柱形阵列换能器实现了对圆环形聚焦声场的调控. 为检测超声、功率超声、医学超声等应用领域提供了一种可实现的新型圆环形可调控聚焦声场.     

基于超指向性多极子矢量阵的水下低频声源方位估计方法研究

针对水下低频声源的方位估计问题,基于基元紧密排列的二维矢量阵,建立了一种超指向性波束形成方法.根据矢量基元差分运算构建各阶多极子模型,获得了几乎与频率无关的模态函数,并经加权计算可在低频条件下实现超指向性波束,以解决阵列孔径对波束性能的限制.同时,结合输出信噪比最大准则所得波束,分析了超指向性波束形成算法的稳定性与波导的影响程度,探索模态阶数与阵列参数的选取原则.通过阵列性能的仿真计算与实际阵列的测量数据表明,该算法可在小尺寸阵列孔径下获得良好的阵列波束,兼具了水下线型超指向性阵和环形超指向性阵的优点,可有效实现水下低频声源的水平方位估计;且波束性能可通过调节模态阶数与基元间距以达到最佳,并受水下声波导多途与频散效应影响有限.     

一维取向LTL型分子筛荧光阵列的快速组装

通过有效控制合成液配比,合成出了形貌规则、结晶度高且具有不同长径比的LTL型分子筛晶粒。采用"瓶中造船法",在不同长径比的LTL型分子筛晶粒孔道中组装稀土有机配合物,制得LTL分子筛/Eu-TTA主-客体荧光材料。荧光光谱表征结果表明,在激发波长为350 nm时,长径比为0.2的LTL分子筛/Eu-TTA晶粒在617 nm处的5D0→7F2发光强度最大,而长径比为3的晶粒发光强度最小。最后,将长径比为0.2的LTL分子筛/Eu-TTA晶粒在PEI修饰的玻璃表面快速擦涂10 s后,就制得厘米尺寸的一维取向LTL型分子筛荧光阵列。SEM表征结果证实,该分子筛荧光阵列中几乎所有的LTL分子筛晶粒都沿着与底基表面垂直的c轴方向一维高密度、单层有序排列。在激发波长为365 nm时,该一维取向LTL分子筛荧光阵列发出鲜艳的红色荧光。     

紫外光LED固化面光源光学系统设计

为解决紫外光LED固化面光源光斑均匀性差及辐照强度低的问题,提出一种阵列式紫外光LED固化面光源光学系统的设计方法。基于几何光学及菲涅耳定律等相关理论,完成近朗伯光型LED透镜自由曲面轮廓线的推导,结合理论公式计算出透镜阵列排布时透镜之间的最佳间距。结果表明:透镜有效控制了光线的发散,提高了阵列面光源所产生光斑的辐照强度及照度均匀度,使阵列结构更加紧凑。当光源半值角分别为27.5°和15.5°时,照度均匀度分别为95.3%和98.6%,辐照强度分别是理想朗伯型光源阵列的2.5倍和6.4倍。进一步分析了工作距离和芯片形状及其尺寸对面光源光学系统的影响,并通过实验对模拟结果进行验证,为紫外发光二极管的应用及光学系统设计提供了一定的理论依据。